EM Medications

Heparin

1ampule: 25,000 unit

Preparation: 45ml NS +25000 (5ml) heparin

Rate of infusion: Desired dose x Quantity / Drug concentration

Example:(100units x50)/25,000 units = 0.2ml/hr

- an anticoagulant(blood thinner) that prevents the formation of blood clots

- used to treat and prevent blood clots in the veins, arteries or lung, reduce risk of blood clot in surgery

- check the body weight before injection

Dopamine

1ampule : 200mg/5ml

amount of drug needed per 50ml ifusion solution:

amount of drug to dilute = body weight x3

Example: 70kg x3= 210mg

amount of drug = (210x5ml)/200mg =5.25ml

Preparation: 44.75ml NS +5.25ml drug = 50ml

1ml= (210mgx1000)/50ml = 4200mcg

Rate of INFUSION: (mcg x body weight x 60min) / drug concentration

Example : (5mcg x 70 x 60)/4200mcg = 5ml/hr

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Midazolam

preparations ready in vial, so can infuse without dilute

1ml = 1mg available (5ml vial)

Lasix

Direct IV, no dilution

1 ampule = 20mg(2ml)

Rate of infusion: Desired dose x Quantity / Drug concentration

Adrenaline

- to reverse severe low blood pressure, wheezing, severe skin itching, hives and severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis).

Vasopressin

- 1ampule - 20units/1ml

usual dose: 0.01 to 0.03 unites/minute

preparation: 20 unites in 50 ml NS

Drug concentration: 20 units/50ml = 0.4 units/ml

- raise B/P by constricting the blood vessels

- to treat diabetes insipidus

Phenytoin

- 1 ampule: 250mg/5ml

loading dose: 15mg.kg at a rate not greater than 50mg/min for 20-30 minutes

maintanence dose: followed by 100mg every 6-8 hours

Prophylaxis: 200-600mg/day PO IV

Antiarrythmic : 10mg IV every 15 minutes until arrythmia stops

- antiepileptic drug / anticonvulsant

- does not treat all kinds of seizures

Insulin

- 40units=1ml

preparation: 40 units(1ml) + 39ml NS = 40ml

40ml needs 40unit of insulin. if 4units/hr means 4ml/hr

Dobutamine

Fentanyl

-treat ongoing chronic pain, sedation

Amiodarone

Sandostatin(octreotide)

- reduce flushing episode and watery diarrhea caused by tumors

Nitroglycerine

- prevent angina with CAD. 

used when heart doesnt get enough blood

Propofol

- general anesthesia for surgery 

Labetalol

- treat high b/p

- beta blocker