Some physical examination compilation of videos to help with revision
Cardiovascular examination
Introduce yourself and ask the kid politely for some information that could aid in your diagnosis later
- age, growth chart, development milestones
- history - any dyspnea/palpitations, exercise intolerance, dizziness/ syncope, family hx (Marfan, chromosomal, CHD in 1st degree relative)
- any vital signs?
- current complain
Next, we go to physical examinations
- general examination (cyanosis, dysmorphic features)
- peripheral pulses (finger clubbing, pulse volume, capillary refill - radial/carotid/femoral)
- check for any signs of anaemia, dehydration
cardiovascular examination:
- palpation - apex/ heave/ thrill
- auscultation - lying down, sitting up forward, hold breath
- timing (systolic/ diastolic)
- quality (soft/ harsh)
- intensity- grade II (innocent), grade III or higher (possible thrill)
- louder with exercise / anaemia / fever / position?
- any other sounds?
- check for edema - sacral/ leg
- hepatomegaly (common in heart failure children)
other references: https://www.pedscases.com/approach-heart-murmurs
